Fluid Test Review

* science test

1. Lesson 1: Introduction to Fluids

1.1. Know the definitions and examples of fluids(liquids and gasses)

Fluid = A substance that has no fixed shape and flows
Gas = A fluid that has no fixed volume or shape and expands freely to fill the whole container
Liquid = A substance has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

2. Lesson 2: Characteristics of Fluids(Laminar and Turbulent Flow)

2.1. Know the definition and 5 postulates of the particle theory.

The particle theory teaches us about how matter behaves. It has 5 key ideas:

All matter is made of tiny particles.
Particles have space between them
Particles are in constant motion
As temperature increases, particles move faster
Particles are attracted to each other

2.2. Know the two types of fluid flow, and give definitions for laminar, turbulent, and streamlined.

Laminar = When fluids flow smoothly or in regular paths. Eg: blood flow in veins
Turbulent = When fluids flow irregularly and mix. Eg: Blood flow in arteries
Streamlined = When it has little resistance to flow of fluids. Eg: fish

3. Lesson 3: Flow Rate and Viscosity

3.1. Know the definition of viscosity, cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, and flow rate

Viscosity = Measure of a fluids resistance to flow
Cohesion = When particles of the same substance stick together
Adhesion = When particles of different substances are attracted to eachother
Surface Tension = the attractive force exerted upon the surface molecules of a liquid by the molecules beneath that tends to draw the surface molecules into the bulk of the liquid and makes the liquid assume the shape having the least surface area
Flow rate = The speed at which a fluid moves

3.2. Be able to calculate flow rate

The formula to calculate flow rate is \(\equation{\frac{\text{Volume (V)}}{\text{Time (t)}}}\)

4. Lesson 4: Density

4.1. Define mass, weight, and volume, and how they are related to each other.

Mass = a measure of the amount of matter in an object
Weight = The force exerted on the mass of a body by a gravitational field
Volume = The space an object occupies

4.2. Be able to explain the 3 different ways to calculate volume of liquids and solids

Displacement an object is submerged into a known volume of water, and the water level will increase. The amount in which the water level increases, is the volume of the submerged object.
Using mass & density mass / density
Using formulas Using shape formulas to calculate the volume

4.3. Know the definitions of density, the mathematical relationship between density, mass, and volume

Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume of an object or substance

4.4. Know why density is considered a characteristic property

Because density uniquely identifies a substance. Different substances have different densities and this helps distinguish different densities.

4.5. Determine which solids will float in which liquids by looking at their density

Solids will float if their density is less than 1, or something something surface tension

5. Lesson 5: Calculating Density

Density is measured in weight and volume(cubic ..) \(\equation{\frac{M}{V}}\)

6. Lesson 6: Buoyancy and Displacement

6.1. Definition and example of buoyancy

The tendency of an object to float in a liquid or gas. Examples: steel ships floating in the middle of the ocean

6.2. Define and illustrate Archimedes’ Principle

The buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object

6.3. Understand how heavy ships float

They are filled with air inside, so they take up more space and weigh less than the fluid they displace

6.4. Positive, negative, and neutral buoyancy

Positive = When it floats Negative = when it sinks Neutral = when it doesnt float or sink

7. Lesson 7: Fluids Under Pressure

7.1. What are confined fluids? Definition and example

A fluid thats confined. Like gas in a tank

7.2. Explain confined fluids with the particle theory

Fluids whose behavior is altered due to spatial limitations like those found in porous materials or multichannel. gasses are easier to compress because their atoms are further apart

7.3. Hydraulics. Definition and real-life examples

When the thingy uses liquids to control motion. Example: hydraulic brakes

7.4. What makes up a hydraulic system?

The major components that make up a hydraulic system are the reservoir, pump, valves, actuators(cylinders or motors), and piping.

7.5. How do car brakes work?

When the brake pedal is pressed, it activates the master cylinder which then pressurizes the brake fluid that travels through lines to the calipers at each wheel. The fluid forces pistons in the clipers to press brake pads against the rotors creating friction and slowing the vehicle.

7.6. What components make up a heart pressure gauge

A pressure gauge, a cuff, and a bulb for inflation.

7.7. Know the term compressiblity

How much a fluid can be compressed

7.8. Pneumatics

When the thingy uses pressurized air to control motion

8. Lesson 8: Fluids in Real Life

8.1. Know how temperature and pressure affect the volume of a gas when compressed

Increasing the temperature causes the volume to increase

8.2. Explain why heating an aerosol can is dangerous (hint: all about the particles)

Increasing the temperature causes the volume to increase but the can cant hold all that so the pressure increases. This causes the particles to collide with the walls of the can more frequently, and as it heats up, it may explode.

8.3. What is the role of valves in the human circulatory system

The valves stop blood from flowing backwards. They are flaps that act as one way inlets

8.4. Fluids in Real Life

blood backs up and pools in certain veins. The veins become large and swollen. These are called varicose veins

9. Elsewhere

9.1. References

9.2. In my garden

Notes that link to this note (AKA backlinks).